SUBSTANCE ABUSE: PREVALENCE AND THE DETERMINANT FACTORS AMONG YOUTHS IN JIGWADA AREA, NASARAWA STATE, NIGERIA

Prince Henry Dimas, Oluwabunmi Hezekiah Ajayi, Tanko Kasim Bahijja

Abstract


The study examined the prevalence of substance abuse and its determinant factors among youths in Jigwada Area, Keffi, Nasarawa State using a cross-sectional survey design. The study adopted a multistage sampling technique and also an online sample size calculator to determine the required sample size for the study and the exercise generated 198 sample size from a total of 405 substance users. The instruments for data collection were demographic characteristics of participants such as age, marital status, occupation and gender; Substance Use/Abuse Prevalence inventory (SUAPI); DAST-10; Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale and Peer Pressure Scale. Result of hypothesis 1 revealed that youths in Jigwada abuse Alcohol, Tobacco, Marijuana, Rohypnol, Mixture, Syrup, Cocaine, Unprescribed drugs, Coffee, Kola nut, Spirit, and Solvent. Among all these substances, Cocaine, Solvent, Coffee and Syrup were less prevalent among youths in Jigwada, Keffi, Nasarawa State. The result of hypothesis 2 indicated that peer pressure significantly predicts substance abuse among youths in Jigwada, Keffi, Nasarawa [β= .350; t=5.237; R2= .123; F= 27.426; p < .05]. The result of hypothesis three indicated that self-esteem didnot significantly predict substance abuse among youths [β= -.084; t= -.245; R2= .007; F= 1.362; p > .05]. and as such did not confirm the stated hypothesis. The result of hypothesis four indicated that Male participants differ significantly than Female participants in substance abuse [t(196)= 3.486, p< 0.05]. In this light, the study concluded that there is a high prevalence of substance abuse among youths, peer pressure influenced substance abuse and males abuse substances than females in Jigwada Area of Keffi, Nasarawa State. The study recommended that there should be public health or community-based intervention programs as these are needed to reduce the high prevalence of drug abuse and preventing drug use or substance abuse among youths in Jigwada Area of Keffi, Nasarawa State.

Keywords


Substance Abuse, Peer pressure, Self-esteem, Youths, Jigdawa Area.

Full Text:

PDF

References


Abikoye G E., Sholarin A M., & Adekoya J A., (2014): Parenting Styles and Peer Pressure as a predictor of substance abuse among university students. Psychology and Behavioral science: Vol 3, No. 2

Adelekan, M. (2011). 5 yearly monitoring of trendy on substances abuse among secondary school students in Ilorin, Nigeria. West Africa Journal of Medicine; 20:28-36.

Adewumi, B.O. (2017). Psychosocial Factors Influencing Substance Abuse among Undergraduates. Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, Ekiti State University Ado Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria. doi: 10.20944/preprints;11.0151.v1.

Adeyemo, F.O., Ohaeri, B., Pat, U.O. &Ogodo O. (2016). Prevalence of Drug Abuse Amongst University Students in Benin City, Nigeria. Public Health Research 6(2): 31-37 DOI:

Akindipe, A.P. &Aina, J.O. (2021), Factors Influencing Substance Abuse among Patients Admitted to the two Federal Neuro-Psychiatric Hospitals in the South-West of Nigeria. African Journal of Health, Nursing and Midwifery 4(2), 38-66. DOI: 10.52589/AJHNMIEQS9BNG.

Anyanwu, O., Ibekwe, R., &Ojinnaka, N., (2016). Pattern of substance abuse among adolescent secondary school students in Abakaliki. Journal of Cogent Medicine 13(4)9 – 16. retrieved from htts://doi.org./10.1080/2331205x.2016.1272160.

Asagba, R.B., Chovwen, C.O., Alarape, A.I. &Agberotimi, S.F. (2016). Psychosocial Predictors of Drug Involvement Among Secondary School Students. Journal of Social Sciences; ISSN: 2233-3878; e-ISSN: 2346-8262; Volume 5, Issue 1

Babirye, N.A. (2018). Substance Abuse, Depression and Self-Esteem among Youths. A Dissertation Submitted to the School of Psychology in Partial Fulfillment of the requirements for the Award of a Bachelor of Community Psychology Degree of Makerere

Bukstein, O. (2008). Risk factors for completed suicide among adolescents with a lifetime history of substance abuse: A case-control study. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 88: 403-408.

Bureau of Justice Statistics (2012). Young People and Mental Health. New York: John Wiley.

Chukwuemeka, A.F.O., Nwana, I., Bernard, C.C., Oguegbe, M.T. (2019). Assessing Alcohol Abuse in a Sample of Nigerian Undergraduates: Predictive Effects of Peer pressure and Self-Esteem. Practicum Psychologia9(1), 103-124 http://journals.aphriapub.com/index.php.pp

Deas, D. (2011). An overview of controlled studies of Adolescent substances abuse treatment. American Journal on Addictions, 10 (2), 178-189.

Ding, L. (2014). Drinking In Context: The Influence Of Peer Pressure On Drinking Among Chinese College Students. Open Access Theses and Dissertations from the College of Education and Human Sciences. Paper 224. http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/cehsdiss/224

Drug Abuse Warning Network DAWN (2011). Practice Parameter for the Assessment and Treatment of Children and Adolescent with substance use disorders, 44:6, 609-621.

Fareo, L. (2012). Risk-taking in adolescence: A decision making perspective. Developmental Review, 12: 1-44.

Gobir, A., Sambo, K., BashirF. & Omole A. (2017).Some basic issues and abuse: Paper Presented at the National Workshop and Drug Abuse held at Rima Hotel, Sokoto. 2nd March, 2017.

Hawkins, T., Catalano, F. & Miller, B. (2012). Cognitive-behavioral treatment for antisocial behaviour in youth in residential treatment. The Cochrane Library, 1: 1-44.

Hemed, M. (2015). Cross-sectional studies. Training Course in Sexual and Reproductive Health Research Geneva.

Igwe, W.C., Ojinnaka, N., Ejiofor, S.O, Emechebe, G.O. & Ibe B.C. (2009). Socio-demographic correlates of psychoactive substance abuse among secondary school students in Enugu, Nigeria. Eur J Soc Sci; 12(2):1–7.

Joshua, S. (2019). Peer Pressure, Locus of Control and Substance Abuse among Adolescents. A Dissertation Submitted to the School of Psychology in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Award of the Bachelor of Community Psychology Degree of Makerere University.

Kanmodi, K., Omoleke, S., Aliyu, C., Martins, J., Nwafor, N., Ogundipe, P., &Abdulsemeeh-Omoleke, M. (2020). Impact of Drug Abuse among Students: A Case Study of the School of Health Technology, Jega, Kebbi State, Nigeria. Indian Journal of Public Health Research & Development, 11(3), 1583-1587.

Kiambi, M.J. (2018). Factors influencing drugs and substance abuse among public secondary school students in Kiambu County Kenya. International Journal of Psychology Vol.3, Issue 1 No.1, pp 1 – 23.

Lawal, N. & Aliyu, A.A. (2020). Assessment of Causes and Effects of Drugs and Substances Abuse among Youth: A Case Study of Katsina Metropolis (North West Nigeria). International Neuropsychiatric Disease Journal. 14(1): 1-9; Article no.INDJ.56660 ISSN: 2321-7235, NLM ID: 101632319

Leshargie, C.T., Alebel, A., Kibret, G.D., Birhanu, M.Y., Mulugeta, H., Malloy, P. (2019). The impact of peer pressure on cigarette smoking among high school and university students in Ethiopia: A systemic review and meta-analysis. PLoS ONE 14(10): e0222572. https://doi.org/ 10.1371/journal.pone.0222572

Loke, A.Y. Mak, Y.W. &Wu, C.S.T. (2016). The association of peer pressure and peer affiliation with the health risk behaviors of secondary school students in Hong Kong. Public HealthVolume 137, Pages 113-12

Masenga, P. P. (2017). The Impact of drug abuse on academic performance in public secondary schools in Kishapu District, Tanzania. Accessed at http://repository.out.ac.tz/1/Paulo%20Masenga.pdf

Muomah, R., Ndukuba, A.C., Odinka, P.C., Amadi, K.U., Nduanya, C.U., &Odinka, J.I. (2020). Assertiveness and self-esteem of persons with drug use problems in a developing country: A comparative study. Nigerian Journal of Psychological Research Department of Psychology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Volume 16, Number 2.

Nasiru, B.S., Musawa, T.S Hassan, HM; Ejembi, EA (2019a). Exploring the perceived factors that lead to substance abuse among youth in Northern Nigeria. J. Res. Contemp. Issue. Human Kine. Heal. Edu. 5(9):15-23.

National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (2021). Substance Abuse Among College Students. https://www.affordablecollegesonline.org/college-resource-center/substance-abuse-in-college/

National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA). (2014). Drug facts: Nationwide trends. http://www.drugabuse.gov/publications/drugfacts/nationwide-trends

NDLEA (Nigerian Drug Law Enforcement Agency, 2010). Annual Report 2010. Abuja

Okafor, P. (2019). Causes and Consequences of Drug Abuse among Youth in Kwara State, Nigeria. Canadian Journal of Family and Youth / Le Journal Canadien de Famille et de la Jeunesse. 12. 147-162. 10.29173/cjfy29495.

Omokhodion, F.O, &Faseru, B.O. (2007). Perception of cigarette smoking and advertisement among senior secondary school students in Ibadan, Southwestern Nigeria. West Afr J Med; 26(3):206–9. doi: 10.4314/wajm.v26i3.28310. [PubMed: 18399335].

Oshodi, O.Y., Aina, O.F., &Onajole, A.T. (2010). Substance use among secondary school students in an urban setting in Nigeria: Prevalence and associated factors. Afr J Psychiatry (Johannesbg); 13(1):52–7. doi: 10.4314/ajpsy.v13i1.53430. [PubMed: 20428599].

Paul, K.N. (2019). Stress, Peer Pressure and Substance Abuse among Adolescents in Bwaise Slums Kawempe Division. A dissertation submitted to the school of psychology as partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of a bachelor’s of community psychology of Makerere University

Sarkingobir, Y. &Dikko, M. (2020). Substance Abuse among In-School and Out-Of-School Youth in Sokoto, Northwestern Nigeria. J. Appl. Sci. Environ. Manage. Vol. 24 (9) 1545-1550

Skinner, H. (1982). The drug abuse screening test. Addict Behaviour, 7: 363-371

Stanley, C. (2012). Structural determinants of youth drug use. A report prepared by the National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre: Australian National Council on Drugs, Paper, 2: 62-76.

Tarig, O., Cathrine, V., Alaa, A., Hala, M., Fatima, A., Asma, A., Eiman, A., & Wael M. (2016). Epidemiology of substance use among university students in Sudan. Journal of Addiction, 8.

Thakore, S., Ismail, Z., Jarvis, S., Payne, E., Keetbaas, S., Payne R. &Rothenburg, L. (2009). The perceptions and Habits of Alcohol consumption and smoking among Canadian Medical Students. Academic Psychiatry; 33(3), 197.

Uba, I., Yaacob, S.N., Talib, M.A., Abdullah, R. &Mofrad, S. (2013). The role of self-esteem in the diminution of substance abuse among adolescents. Int Rev Soc Sci Humanity; 5(2):140–9.

UNODC, World Drug Report 2013 (United Nations publication): http://www.unodc.org/wdr/

Wandera, B.T. (2018). Stress, Peer Pressure and Substance Abuse among Adolescents in Luzira. A research dissertation submitted to the School of Psychology in partial fulfilment of requirements for the a ward of a Bachelor of Community Psychology Degree of Makerere

World Drug Report, (2018). United Nations publication retrieved from https://www.unodc.org www.imedpub.com/Journal of Addictive Behaviors and Therapy.

Wu, P., & Kandel, D. B. (1995). The roles of mothers and fathers in intergenerational behavioral transmission: The case of smoking and delinquency. In H. B. Kaplan (Ed.), Drugs, crime, and other deviant adaptations: Longitudinal studies (pp. 49–81). Plenum Press. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-0970-1_2

Yunusa, U., Bello, U.L., Idris, M., Haddad, M.M. & Adamu, D. (2017). Determinants of Substance Abuse among Commercial Bus Drivers in Kano Metropolis, Kano State.


Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2021 Prince Henry Dimas, Oluwabunmi Hezekiah Ajayi, Tanko Kasim Bahijja

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

ISSN (PRINT):    2682 - 6135

ISSN (ONLINE): 2682 - 6127

 

 

   

 

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.